{"id":269283,"date":"2021-03-24T14:30:18","date_gmt":"2021-03-24T18:30:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/issues\/joe-bidens-bloc-wars-and-the-next-chapter-in-the-america-first-doctrine\/"},"modified":"2025-10-07T23:27:38","modified_gmt":"2025-10-08T03:27:38","slug":"joe-bidens-bloc-wars-and-the-next-chapter-in-the-america-first-doctrine","status":"publish","type":"issues","link":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2021\/03\/joe-bidens-bloc-wars-and-the-next-chapter-in-the-america-first-doctrine\/","title":{"rendered":"Joe Biden\u2019s bloc wars and the next chapter in the \u201cAmerica First\u201d doctrine"},"content":{"rendered":"

With the<\/span>\u00a0pending announcement of a<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>massive U<\/span>.<\/span>S<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0Senate\u00a0<\/span>package\u00a0<\/span>to confront China<\/span><\/a>\u00a0on all fronts<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>skepticism has emerged that\u00a0<\/span>the departure of\u00a0<\/span>Donald\u00a0<\/span>Trump<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>has\u00a0<\/span>ushered<\/span>\u00a0in a fresh\u00a0<\/span>foreign policy\u00a0<\/span>perspective\u00a0<\/span>from<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Washington<\/span>. Joe Biden\u00a0<\/span>has\u00a0<\/span>promised\u00a0<\/span>positive re-engagement with glob<\/span>al allies<\/span><\/a>,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>an<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>emphasis on\u00a0<\/span>reinvigorating\u00a0<\/span>international institutions<\/span>,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0and strengthened support for a rules-based\u00a0<\/span>system. But<\/span>\u00a0America\u2019s obsession with China belies America\u2019s underlying strategy.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

W<\/span>e believe<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>U.S<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0strategic thinking continues to be<\/span>\u00a0bound by a\u00a0<\/span>deep-rooted preoccupation with relative gains<\/span><\/a>. Such considerations\u00a0<\/span>motivate<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Washington to use political, economic and other\u00a0<\/span>coercive\u00a0<\/span>tools and tactics<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>commonly<\/span>\u00a0associated with\u00a0<\/span>gr<\/span>e<\/span>y zone conflicts<\/span><\/a>\u00a0to\u00a0<\/span>punish<\/span>\u00a0adversaries and\u00a0<\/span>\u201c<\/span>discipline<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>allies<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The use of e<\/span>conomic and political pressure tool<\/span>s<\/span>\u00a0such as\u00a0<\/span>sanctions<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>by the U.S against allies\u00a0<\/span>has\u00a0<\/span>carved a deep rift between Washington and<\/span>\u00a0its\u00a0<\/span>global\u00a0<\/span>partners<\/span>. Biden\u2019s proposed\u00a0<\/span>\u201c<\/span>democratic alliance\u201d agenda can<\/span>not\u00a0<\/span>easily<\/span>\u00a0repair\u00a0<\/span>a<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>transatlantic rift<\/span><\/a>\u00a0or compel\u00a0<\/span>w<\/span>estern<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>governments\u00a0<\/span>to march in line<\/span>\u00a0with\u00a0<\/span>the U.S.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

U<\/span>.<\/span>S<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0success<\/span>\u00a0during the Cold War may\u00a0<\/span>have been built on\u00a0<\/span>compelling democratic\u00a0<\/span>values<\/span><\/a>\u00a0and support for human rights<\/span>. But<\/span>\u00a0today<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0the ideologies of the<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Cold War\u00a0<\/span>and\u00a0<\/span>maintenance of American\u00a0<\/span>pre-eminence<\/span>\u00a0in global politics\u00a0<\/span>are no longer top of mind<\/span>\u00a0for many of<\/span>\u00a0Washington\u2019s<\/span>\u00a0allies<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0let alone much<\/span>\u00a0of the world<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

There are<\/span>\u00a0plenty\u00a0<\/span>of\u00a0<\/span>politically diverse, economically prosperous and militarily\u00a0<\/span>capable partners<\/span>\u00a0from which to choose<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>and\u00a0<\/span>national\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>priorities<\/span>\u00a0are<\/span>\u00a0changing<\/span>. C<\/span>ommercial<\/span>\u00a0sustainability<\/span>, economic<\/span>\u00a0vitality<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>and diplomatic<\/span>\u00a0engagement<\/span>\u00a0are driving the global agenda<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0not U<\/span>.<\/span>S<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0hegemony.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

To be sure<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0Biden has altered course on several Trump policies\u00a0<\/span>by\u00a0<\/span>rejoining\u00a0<\/span>the\u00a0<\/span>Paris\u00a0<\/span>global climate\u00a0<\/span>accord<\/span>\u00a0and<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>the\u00a0<\/span>World Health Organization<\/span>. But these reversals<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>are<\/span>\u00a0strategic in nature, not value<\/span>s<\/span>–<\/span>driven. Indeed, in Biden\u2019s own words, his goal is to\u00a0<\/span>re-establish American leadership<\/span><\/a>\u00a0in those areas\u00a0<\/span>that<\/span>\u00a0risk being dominated<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0if not controlled<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0by China.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

But there are other crucial Trump<\/span>–<\/span>era policies that remain in place including<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>those in\u00a0<\/span>the\u00a0<\/span>National Defens<\/span>e Authori<\/span>z<\/span>ation Act<\/span><\/a>,<\/span>\u00a0along with<\/span>\u00a0the\u00a0<\/span>Protecting Europe\u2019s Energy<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Secur<\/span>i<\/span>ty<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Act<\/span><\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0<\/span>Countering America\u2019s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(CAATSA).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The\u00a0<\/span>now<\/span>–<\/span>controversial CAATSA list is instructive in regards\u00a0<\/span>to its unintended consequences. In essence<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0the\u00a0<\/span>a<\/span>ct seeks to\u00a0<\/span>punish those who\u00a0<\/span>buy arms from America\u2019s adversaries<\/span><\/a>, most notably Russia<\/span>. Yet CAATSA h<\/span>as prevented\u00a0<\/span>neither<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Turkey<\/span><\/a>, a NATO ally,\u00a0<\/span>nor<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>India<\/span><\/a>, also an ally,<\/span>\u00a0from purchasing advanced Russian weapons\u00a0<\/span>systems\u00a0<\/span>such\u00a0<\/span>as the S<\/span>–<\/span>400 missile<\/span>. Both countries face\u00a0<\/span>U<\/span>.<\/span>S<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>sanctions<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>for stepping out of line<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Though countries like Canada may be considered to be safely on America\u2019s side because of a\u00a0 deep dependence on U.S. arms sales and defence, it is not clear other nations are.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

T<\/span>he commo<\/span>n democratic values agenda is\u00a0<\/span>not sufficiently coherent to\u00a0<\/span>bridge<\/span>\u00a0the gap in priorities between Washington and\u00a0<\/span>t<\/span>he capitals of Western Europe<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0for example<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>The<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Nord Stream II pipeline<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>intended to deliver\u00a0<\/span>gas<\/span>\u00a0directly<\/span>\u00a0from Russia to Germany, has been the subject of a fierce political battle between Washington and Berlin.\u00a0<\/span>The poisoning and imprisonment of Russian opposition leader\u00a0<\/span>Alexei\u00a0<\/span>Navalny<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>has\u00a0<\/span>not derailed the Nord Steam II project<\/span><\/a>\u00a0as<\/span>\u00a0members of both the\u00a0<\/span>Trump<\/span><\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<\/span>Biden<\/span><\/a>\u00a0administrations\u00a0<\/span>had\u00a0<\/span>hoped<\/span>\u00a0it would<\/span>. This\u00a0<\/span>is\u00a0<\/span>despite punishing U<\/span>.<\/span>S<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0sanctions<\/span>\u00a0that harm 12 E<\/span>.<\/span>U<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0nations and 120 European companies<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0The E<\/span>.<\/span>U<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0has declared American sanctions illegal, decrying U.S.\u00a0<\/span>extraterritoriality<\/span><\/a>\u00a0as an abuse of power.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nor has\u00a0<\/span>Biden\u2019s\u00a0<\/span>vision of a\u00a0<\/span>\u201c<\/span>democratic alliance<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u00a0compel<\/span>led<\/span>\u00a0U.S allies to abandon their\u00a0<\/span>commitment to the\u00a0<\/span>Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership<\/span><\/a>\u00a0signed in November 2020\u00a0<\/span>without Washington\u00a0<\/span>or\u00a0<\/span>to<\/span>\u00a0join<\/span>\u00a0U.S\u00a0<\/span>sanction<\/span>s against<\/span>\u00a0the\u00a0<\/span>China National Offshore Oil Corporation<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Though countries like Canada may be considered\u00a0<\/span>to be\u00a0<\/span>safely on America\u2019s side because of\u00a0<\/span>a<\/span>\u00a0 deep dependence on U<\/span>.<\/span>S<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0arms sales and defence,\u00a0<\/span>it is not clear\u00a0<\/span>that\u00a0<\/span>other nations\u00a0<\/span>are.<\/span>\u00a0T<\/span>he sad reality<\/span>\u00a0is that Justin Trudeau\u2019s\u00a0<\/span>Liberals are entangled in the\u00a0<\/span>America First agenda but are failing to acknowledge\u00a0<\/span>that<\/span>\u00a0publicly.\u00a0<\/span>A shift from global to regional\u00a0<\/span>supply chains<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>for example<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>will ensure\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

closer<\/span>\u00a0integration w<\/span>ith the U.S.\u00a0<\/span>B<\/span>ut it will also increase our dependence on\u00a0<\/span>America<\/span>\u00a0because we have so little\u00a0<\/span>t<\/span>ier 1<\/span>\u00a0manufacturing<\/span><\/a>.<\/span>\u00a0Reducing the number of supply\u00a0<\/span>chains by\u00a0<\/span>itself cannot overcome a weak\u00a0<\/span>dom<\/span>estic manufacturing sector, low\u00a0<\/span>productivity<\/span><\/a>\u00a0and diminished economic\u00a0<\/span>competitiveness<\/span><\/a>.<\/span>\u00a0For example, the\u00a0<\/span>revocation of a construction permit for the Keystone XL pipeline made\u00a0<\/span>Canada the first target<\/span><\/a>\u00a0of\u00a0<\/span>what critics call\u00a0<\/span>Biden\u2019s<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u201c<\/span>America First<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u00a0agenda.\u00a0<\/span>The\u00a0<\/span>move was not inherently anti-<\/span>Canadian as much as it was driven by various forces within the U<\/span>.<\/span>S<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>that<\/span>\u00a0s<\/span>aw<\/span>\u00a0no merit in the pipeline.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Th<\/span>e real test for<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>the Canada<\/span>–<\/span>U<\/span>.<\/span>S<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0relationship will be the extent to which President Biden\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0dismantles many of\u00a0 Trump\u2019s\u00a0<\/span>harmful\u00a0<\/span>executive orders and reverses the disturbing and i<\/span>ncreasing\u00a0<\/span>trend t<\/span>oward coercive diplomacy.\u00a0<\/span>Today,\u00a0<\/span>s<\/span>anctions and weaponi<\/span>z<\/span>ed\u00a0<\/span>extraterri<\/span>toriality<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>are used by<\/span>\u00a0U<\/span>.<\/span>S<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0admin<\/span>i<\/span>strations<\/span>\u00a0to\u00a0 maintain a competitive edge<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>but they are also deeply problematic. O<\/span>ne of America\u2019s greatest Supreme Court j<\/span>ustices, Robert H. Jackson, believed such weaponi<\/span>z<\/span>ation is fraught with dangers.\u00a0<\/span>Once judicial opinion rationalizes an order\u00a0<\/span>for sanctions in the face of\u00a0<\/span>a national emergency<\/span>, \u201ct<\/span>he principle then lies about like a loaded weapon,<\/span>\u201d\u00a0<\/span>he said<\/span>\u00a0back in 1944<\/span><\/a>, \u201c<\/span>ready for the hand of any authority that can bring forward a plausible claim of an urgent need. Every repetition imbeds that principle more deeply in our law and thinking, and expands it to new purposes<\/span>.\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Recogni<\/span>z<\/span>ing the p<\/span>e<\/span>rils of becoming entangled in American overreach,\u00a0<\/span>many middle powers are increasingly self-assured and refuse to tie themselves to any single great power.<\/span>\u00a0Trudeau\u2019s\u00a0<\/span>Liberals ha<\/span>ve not used effective statecraft to<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>similar\u00a0<\/span>advantage<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>preferring instead to follow\u00a0<\/span>President Biden\u2019s lead. Unfortunately, Canada cannot thrive<\/span>\u00a0in an environment where the Americ<\/span>an threat to do harm to allies\u00a0<\/span>cons<\/span>tantly looms in the background<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0no matter how strong the bond of shared values might be.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

With the\u00a0pending announcement of a\u00a0massive U.S.\u00a0Senate\u00a0package\u00a0to confront China\u00a0on all fronts,\u00a0skepticism has emerged that\u00a0the departure of\u00a0Donald\u00a0Trump\u00a0has\u00a0ushered\u00a0in a fresh\u00a0foreign policy\u00a0perspective\u00a0from\u00a0Washington. Joe Biden\u00a0has\u00a0promised\u00a0positive re-engagement with global allies,\u00a0an\u00a0emphasis on\u00a0reinvigorating\u00a0international institutions,\u00a0and strengthened support for a rules-based\u00a0system. But\u00a0America\u2019s obsession with China belies America\u2019s underlying strategy.\u00a0 We believe\u00a0U.S.\u00a0strategic thinking continues to be\u00a0bound by a\u00a0deep-rooted preoccupation with relative gains. Such considerations\u00a0motivate\u00a0Washington to use […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":279055,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","ep_exclude_from_search":false,"apple_news_api_created_at":"2025-10-08T03:27:41Z","apple_news_api_id":"9bc327bd-4863-4238-9b4a-cd0fe4a804ed","apple_news_api_modified_at":"2025-10-08T03:27:41Z","apple_news_api_revision":"AAAAAAAAAAD\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/w==","apple_news_api_share_url":"https:\/\/apple.news\/Am8MnvUhjQjibSs0P5KgE7Q","apple_news_cover_media_provider":"image","apple_news_coverimage":0,"apple_news_coverimage_caption":"","apple_news_cover_video_id":0,"apple_news_cover_video_url":"","apple_news_cover_embedwebvideo_url":"","apple_news_is_hidden":"","apple_news_is_paid":"","apple_news_is_preview":"","apple_news_is_sponsored":"","apple_news_maturity_rating":"","apple_news_metadata":"\"\"","apple_news_pullquote":"","apple_news_pullquote_position":"","apple_news_slug":"","apple_news_sections":[],"apple_news_suppress_video_url":false,"apple_news_use_image_component":false},"categories":[9360,9358,9372],"tags":[8476],"article-status":[],"irpp-category":[4217,4295],"section":[],"irpp-tag":[7189],"class_list":["post-269283","issues","type-issues","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-international","category-politique","category-recent-stories-fr","tag-us-politics-fr","irpp-category-affaires-internationales","irpp-category-politique","irpp-tag-etats-unis"],"acf":[],"apple_news_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\nJoe Biden\u2019s bloc wars and the next chapter in the \u201cAmerica First\u201d doctrine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2021\/03\/joe-bidens-bloc-wars-and-the-next-chapter-in-the-america-first-doctrine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Joe Biden\u2019s bloc wars and the next chapter in the \u201cAmerica First\u201d doctrine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"With the\u00a0pending announcement of a\u00a0massive U.S.\u00a0Senate\u00a0package\u00a0to confront China\u00a0on all fronts,\u00a0skepticism has emerged that\u00a0the departure of\u00a0Donald\u00a0Trump\u00a0has\u00a0ushered\u00a0in a fresh\u00a0foreign policy\u00a0perspective\u00a0from\u00a0Washington. Joe Biden\u00a0has\u00a0promised\u00a0positive re-engagement with global allies,\u00a0an\u00a0emphasis on\u00a0reinvigorating\u00a0international institutions,\u00a0and strengthened support for a rules-based\u00a0system. But\u00a0America\u2019s obsession with China belies America\u2019s underlying strategy.\u00a0 We believe\u00a0U.S.\u00a0strategic thinking continues to be\u00a0bound by a\u00a0deep-rooted preoccupation with relative gains. 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