{"id":265463,"date":"2017-09-06T15:59:55","date_gmt":"2017-09-06T19:59:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/issues\/the-dismantling-of-indigenous-and-northern-affairs-canada\/"},"modified":"2025-10-07T21:45:34","modified_gmt":"2025-10-08T01:45:34","slug":"the-dismantling-of-indigenous-and-northern-affairs-canada","status":"publish","type":"issues","link":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2017\/09\/the-dismantling-of-indigenous-and-northern-affairs-canada\/","title":{"rendered":"The dismantling of INAC"},"content":{"rendered":"

In a recurring segment of Tom King\u2019s celebrated CBC radio series The Dead Dog Caf\u00e9 Comedy Hour<\/em><\/a> the affable\u2014but somewhat na\u00efve\u2014character Jasper Friendly Bear invited listeners to join him by the hearth in a segment he called \u201cFireside Friendly Bear.\u201d Each week, with the sounds of a crackling fire in the background, Jasper would read an excerpt from what he called \u201cgreat Canadian literature.\u201d King\u2019s running gag deliberately set the audience up for a more high-minded interlude in the comedy show. Without fail, however, Jasper reads a random passage from the 4,000-page Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples<\/a> (RCAP). The gag, an example of King\u2019s intellectual prowess and talent for sardonic humour, wryly jabs at the indifference Canadian politicians have shown for the RCAP report since its release over 20 years ago.<\/p>\n

But last week, things changed. In his late-summer cabinet shuffle, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau used the occasion to draw on one of the RCAP recommendations. There, Trudeau announced that he was splitting Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC) into two ministries<\/a>: Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs, with Carolyn Bennett as the minister, and Indigenous Services, where Jane Philpott became the minister. Explaining this surprise move, Bennett singled-out RCAP, noting that \u201cwe\u2019re doing what the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples asked for twenty years ago, to actually have two departments, one that was a services department and one that was the relationship and building that Crown indigenous relationship.\u201d<\/p>\n

While it is true that RCAP recommended this action, it is only true if one takes a very superficial, narrow, and isolated view of the recommendation in question.<\/p>\n

The recommendation to split INAC rested on three recurring complaints heard by the commission, outlined in volume 2 of its report<\/a>: 1) INAC is colonial, paternalistic, and resistant to change; 2) its performance on Indigenous policy is inadequate; and, 3) it has failed to meet treaty and claims obligations. In its report RCAP reasoned that splitting the department would bring the institutional change needed, and the two parts of INAC would address the last two criticisms by \u201c[e]stablishing an Indian Affairs department devoted to policy concerns and reforming the expenditure process.\u201d<\/p>\n

The commission envisioned that a new culture would emerge in the two new ministries, as they focused on the functions of Indigenous policy and programming separately. Much of this lofty vision was reflected in Trudeau\u2019s explanations about the division of INAC last week: \u201cIf we truly want to move forward in true partnership in reconciliation, we need to allow the good folks in the public service, the government itself, and Canadians to look differently at the relationship with Indigenous peoples, at the way we deliver services on the one hand, but also the way we build true Crown-Indigenous relationships in a nation-to-nation relationship.\u201d But while it is admirable that the government is giving thought to the work of RCAP, a number of considerations and misgivings arise from the adoption of a recommendation that was made two decades ago.<\/p>\n

The government climate of the 1990s<\/strong><\/p>\n

The federal government\u2019s reading of the commission\u2019s proposal to split INAC appears to overlook the temporal aspect of the recommendation. When proposing the structural reorganization of INAC, RCAP was guided by the following question: \u201cHow can these wide-ranging proposals for structural and program reform be explained and defended in the real world of government in the 1990s?\u201d The report went on to assure that the commission\u2019s \u201cproposals for institutional reform\u2026make sense in the existing climate<\/em>\u201d [emphasis added]. To say it another way, RCAP advised the dismantling and particular restructuring of INAC in the conditions that prevailed during its tenure. What\u2019s more, the commission signalled the time sensitivity of this recommendation, insisting that the \u201cgovernment of Canada implement these changes within a year of the publication of this report,\u201d which would have been November 1997.<\/p>\n

The \u201creal world of government\u201d in 2017 is very different from what it was when RCAP was underway. Established by Brian Mulroney\u2019s government in August 1991 and concluded during the first term of Jean Chr\u00e9tien\u2019s government in November 1996, the commission studied government during a period that was, arguably, one of its greatest upheaval. As RCAP observed, the approach to restructuring the machinery of government in the early 1990s was the \u201csimplification\u201d of departments, alongside a lean cabinet. This smaller government entailed smaller departments, the merging of functions from various departments, and the consolidation of operations<\/a>. The extraordinary restructuring that occurred in June 1993<\/a> saw the creation of mega-departments, borne out of the union of smaller departments and agencies, which reduced the number of ministries from 32 to 23 in a single day. These large changes were followed by the Chr\u00e9tien government\u2019s Program Review Process<\/a>, initiated in Budget 1994 and culminating in the decisions in Budget 1995, which brought deep cuts to program expenditures and the public service. This trend did not go unnoticed by RCAP: it observed an \u201coverwhelming preoccupation with reducing the apparent overall size of the federal government.\u201d<\/p>\n

The climate of the early to mid-1990s is very different from those of today and of Stephen Harper\u2019s government. Between 1991 and 1997, the size of the federal government<\/a> underwent a rapid contraction, when government spending as a proportion of GDP dropped from 24.5 percent to under 20 percent, dipping to a low of slightly above 19 percent in 2000. The size of government was relatively stable in the years that followed, remaining under 20 percent of GDP until 2008. Since that time, the federal government has undergone growth, most notably through the fiscal stimulus undertaken in response to the 2008 financial crisis. But in recent years, the size of government in terms of spending has remained above 21 percent of GDP, and is trending slightly upward. It\u2019s clear that much of the driving force behind the RCAP recommendation that has been adopted by the Trudeau government two decades later, has not only subsided, but it has reversed in both magnitude and direction. The conditions that prompted the recommendation to split INAC are not present in government today.<\/p>\n

The source of policy-making power<\/strong><\/p>\n

There is another trend in the \u201creal world of government,\u201d however, that argues against the relevance of adopting the RCAP recommendation today. In his seminal work Governing from the Centre<\/em>, Donald Savoie traces a slower moving, longer-term trend at work in federal public administration, namely, the consolidation of policy-making powers in the centre of government. Savoie\u2019s work demonstrates that, since the time of Pierre Trudeau in the late 1960s, executive power in the federal government has continually been removed from the ranks of line departments such as Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada, and has been concentrated in the central agencies, particularly the Prime Minister\u2019s Office (PMO). More and more, successive prime ministers have cultivated the authorities that were traditionally exercised by cabinet ministers. As a result, policy decisions and policy direction originate not with ministers and their deputies, but is crafted by and emerges from the centre: the prime minister, senior advisers within PMO, and the prime minister\u2019s top bureaucrat, the Clerk of the Privy Council.<\/p>\n

When RCAP contemplated the transformation of the machinery of government, it made the recommendation to split INAC as a way to increase departmental influence in federal policy. When the commission made this recommendation, it observed (in volume 2 of the report) that:<\/p>\n

[INAC\u2019s] performance in the federal policy arena is inadequate. Departments more focused functional responsibilities and budgets are seen as being able to \u2018walk over\u2019 [INAC], at least in its policy role. \u2026 In addition, over the years [INAC] has been seen as having insufficient capacity to bring its own policy initiatives to fruition through the cabinet decision process.<\/em><\/p>\n

Dividing INAC, it was thought, would enrich the executive clout of the minister that directed the policy function for Indigenous Affairs. Now, with the benefit of Savoie\u2019s analysis, it is clear that whatever improvement in Indigenous policy influence the new minister was supposed to obtain then would have been considerably diminished in the 20 years since. This would be true whether the recommendation had been implemented at the earliest opportunity in 1997, as RCAP recommended, or in 2017.<\/p>\n

Although the countervailing forces of the past 20 years have decreased the initial urgency for splitting INAC, Trudeau and his ministers have offered a new justification, something that more represents these times. As Jane Philpott in her new position as Minister of Indigenous Services explained: \u201cThe work that the Prime Minister has announced today is in fact undoing structures that were designed to dominate indigenous cultures, to force assimilation of indigenous peoples into a culture that was not their own. By announcing today that these colonial structures will in fact be dismantled is an historic day.\u201d Bennett had a folksier take. \u201cIt\u2019s a story that is about decolonizing. It\u2019s a story about getting back to the original relationship that was the spirit and intent of the treaties.\u201d<\/p>\n

So, will decolonization ensue from a restructured INAC? Not likely, looking back over INAC\u2019s history.<\/p>\n

Despite the grand announcement at Rideau Hall this past week, this is not the first time that INAC has undergone restructuring. INAC has had a rather erratic past, with numerous mergers and dissolutions into various ministries<\/a>, including a split with Parks Canada in 1978. More recently, INAC assumed responsibility for the Aboriginal Affairs Secretariat<\/a>, which coordinated Indigenous policy across the federal government and housed the Office of the Federal Interlocutor for M\u00e9tis and Non-Status Indians when it was transferred from the Privy Council Office in 2006. Following that, INAC underwent a number of substantial departmental transformations: restructuring, realignment, and reorganization. Sectors of INAC, some of which are larger than other departments and agencies in both budget and staff, have been created<\/a>, split, and folded into other sectors<\/a> on several occasions.<\/p>\n

Setting aside the imperative of decolonization that Indigenous peoples have maintained for centuries, namely, recognition of their sovereignty over their own nations, this rearrangement of INAC will not extricate either side of the colonial divide from the trap of colonialism. While INAC is commonly believed to be the locus of federal Indigenous policy and programming, the reality is that the machinery of government concerned with Indigenous affairs is dispersed across more than 30 departments. For instance, Health Canada retains power under the Indian Health Policy 1979<\/a> pursuant to the Department of Health Act, 1996<\/em>; Fisheries and Oceans Canada maintains authorities over Aboriginal fisheries<\/a>; Public Safety Canada (with the Provinces and Territories) oversees First Nations policing policy and programming<\/a>; and, the Privy Council Office provides the \u201cnecessary corporate support\u201d for the commissions of inquiry, including the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls<\/a>, to name a few. The truth is, INAC is just one of many structures that comprise the immense and wide-reaching colonial apparatus for the administration of Indigenous affairs. The two new ministries will continue to be enmeshed in the dense colonial machinery of government, changing little, if anything at all.<\/p>\n

Immediately following the announcement by Trudeau that INAC would be dismantled, a recognizable routine began to unfold. Indigenous people sat back, while many in the chattering class and political commentariat<\/a> patted the government on the back for the supposed monumental step forward in Indigenous relations. At the same time, most Indigenous people expressed skepticism. The familiar ritual of the ensuing conversations is captured by Tom King in an episode of \u201cDead Dog Caf\u00e9,\u201d where Jasper Friendly Bear announces that he won\u2019t be doing \u201cFireside Friendly Bear\u201d any longer. It was 1998, and Indian Affairs minister Jane Stewart had made an apology to Indigenous people for the residential school system. Jasper, with his characteristic naivet\u00e9, tells his two co-hosts, Tom (played by King himself) and Gracie Heavy Hand, \u201cIt\u2019s all been settled!\u201d Of course, neither Tom nor Gracie buy it. Tom interjects, \u201cThat apology didn\u2019t settle anything.\u201d He goes on to explain, \u201cthe real problems, like treaty rights and land claims and sovereignty, haven\u2019t been addressed.\u201d And Gracie, with her calm demeanor, repeats what Indigenous people have said every time the government makes some grand announcement: \u201cI\u2019ve heard those promises before. I\u2019ll believe it when I see some real action.\u201d<\/p>\n

Photo:\u00a0Carolyn Bennett, minister of Crown-Indigenous relations and northern affairs, and Indigenous Services Minister Jane Philpott take questions from media after a Liberal cabinet shuffle. THE CANADIAN PRESS\/Sean Kilpatrick<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Do you have something to say about the article you just read? Be part of the\u00a0<\/em>Policy Options\u00a0discussion, and send in your own submission.\u00a0Here is a\u00a0<\/em>link<\/em><\/a>\u00a0on how to do it. <\/em>|\u00a0Souhaitez-vous r\u00e9agir \u00e0 cet article ? <\/em>Joignez-vous aux d\u00e9bats d\u2019<\/em>Options politiques\u00a0et soumettez-nous votre texte en suivant ces\u00a0<\/em>directives<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In a recurring segment of Tom King\u2019s celebrated CBC radio series The Dead Dog Caf\u00e9 Comedy Hour the affable\u2014but somewhat na\u00efve\u2014character Jasper Friendly Bear invited listeners to join him by the hearth in a segment he called \u201cFireside Friendly Bear.\u201d Each week, with the sounds of a crackling fire in the background, Jasper would read […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":254489,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","ep_exclude_from_search":false,"apple_news_api_created_at":"2025-10-08T01:45:37Z","apple_news_api_id":"2beadba7-9acb-4a55-a89d-7f8c594a059f","apple_news_api_modified_at":"2025-10-08T01:45:37Z","apple_news_api_revision":"AAAAAAAAAAD\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/w==","apple_news_api_share_url":"https:\/\/apple.news\/AK-rbp5rLSlWonX-MWUoFnw","apple_news_cover_media_provider":"image","apple_news_coverimage":0,"apple_news_coverimage_caption":"","apple_news_cover_video_id":0,"apple_news_cover_video_url":"","apple_news_cover_embedwebvideo_url":"","apple_news_is_hidden":"","apple_news_is_paid":"","apple_news_is_preview":"","apple_news_is_sponsored":"","apple_news_maturity_rating":"","apple_news_metadata":"\"\"","apple_news_pullquote":"","apple_news_pullquote_position":"","apple_news_slug":"","apple_news_sections":[],"apple_news_suppress_video_url":false,"apple_news_use_image_component":false},"categories":[9380,9357,9372],"tags":[8580],"article-status":[],"irpp-category":[4371,4703,4251],"section":[],"irpp-tag":[],"class_list":["post-265463","issues","type-issues","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-autochtones","category-politiques-sociales","category-recent-stories-fr","tag-indian-act-fr","irpp-category-autochtones","irpp-category-loi-sur-les-indiens","irpp-category-politique-sociale"],"acf":[],"apple_news_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe dismantling of INAC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2017\/09\/the-dismantling-of-indigenous-and-northern-affairs-canada\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The dismantling of INAC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In a recurring segment of Tom King\u2019s celebrated CBC radio series The Dead Dog Caf\u00e9 Comedy Hour the affable\u2014but somewhat na\u00efve\u2014character Jasper Friendly Bear invited listeners to join him by the hearth in a segment he called \u201cFireside Friendly Bear.\u201d Each week, with the sounds of a crackling fire in the background, Jasper would read […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2017\/09\/the-dismantling-of-indigenous-and-northern-affairs-canada\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Policy Options\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/IRPP.org\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-10-08T01:45:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Colburn-photo5.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"700\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@irpp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"11 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2017\/09\/the-dismantling-of-indigenous-and-northern-affairs-canada\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2017\/09\/the-dismantling-of-indigenous-and-northern-affairs-canada\/\",\"name\":\"The dismantling of INAC\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2017\/09\/the-dismantling-of-indigenous-and-northern-affairs-canada\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2017\/09\/the-dismantling-of-indigenous-and-northern-affairs-canada\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Colburn-photo5.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-09-06T19:59:55+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-10-08T01:45:34+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2017\/09\/the-dismantling-of-indigenous-and-northern-affairs-canada\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2017\/09\/the-dismantling-of-indigenous-and-northern-affairs-canada\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2017\/09\/the-dismantling-of-indigenous-and-northern-affairs-canada\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Colburn-photo5.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Colburn-photo5.jpg\",\"width\":2000,\"height\":700},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2017\/09\/the-dismantling-of-indigenous-and-northern-affairs-canada\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"The dismantling of INAC\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/\",\"name\":\"Policy Options\",\"description\":\"Institute for Research on Public Policy\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"The dismantling of INAC","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2017\/09\/the-dismantling-of-indigenous-and-northern-affairs-canada\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"The dismantling of INAC","og_description":"In a recurring segment of Tom King\u2019s celebrated CBC radio series The Dead Dog Caf\u00e9 Comedy Hour the affable\u2014but somewhat na\u00efve\u2014character Jasper Friendly Bear invited listeners to join him by the hearth in a segment he called \u201cFireside Friendly Bear.\u201d Each week, with the sounds of a crackling fire in the background, Jasper would read […]","og_url":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2017\/09\/the-dismantling-of-indigenous-and-northern-affairs-canada\/","og_site_name":"Policy Options","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/IRPP.org","article_modified_time":"2025-10-08T01:45:34+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2000,"height":700,"url":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Colburn-photo5.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@irpp","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"11 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2017\/09\/the-dismantling-of-indigenous-and-northern-affairs-canada\/","url":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2017\/09\/the-dismantling-of-indigenous-and-northern-affairs-canada\/","name":"The dismantling of INAC","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2017\/09\/the-dismantling-of-indigenous-and-northern-affairs-canada\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2017\/09\/the-dismantling-of-indigenous-and-northern-affairs-canada\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Colburn-photo5.jpg","datePublished":"2017-09-06T19:59:55+00:00","dateModified":"2025-10-08T01:45:34+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2017\/09\/the-dismantling-of-indigenous-and-northern-affairs-canada\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2017\/09\/the-dismantling-of-indigenous-and-northern-affairs-canada\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2017\/09\/the-dismantling-of-indigenous-and-northern-affairs-canada\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Colburn-photo5.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Colburn-photo5.jpg","width":2000,"height":700},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2017\/09\/the-dismantling-of-indigenous-and-northern-affairs-canada\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"The dismantling of INAC"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/","name":"Policy Options","description":"Institute for Research on Public Policy","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/issues\/265463","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/issues"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/issues"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/254489"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=265463"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=265463"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=265463"},{"taxonomy":"article-status","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article-status?post=265463"},{"taxonomy":"irpp-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/irpp-category?post=265463"},{"taxonomy":"section","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/section?post=265463"},{"taxonomy":"irpp-tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/irpp-tag?post=265463"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}