Ever since the first televised leaders\u2019 debate in 1968, the conduct of debates during Canadian elections has relied on a loose set of mysterious rules employed by the nation\u2019s largest broadcasters, tempered by an unhealthy degree of backroom bargaining by the larger parties. As Andrew Coyne described the decision to exclude the Green Party from the 2011 leaders\u2019 debate, it was as though the major networks had met with GM, Ford and Chrysler and decided, \u201cNo more advertising for Toyota.\u201d<\/p>\n
After the antidemocratic efforts of the big parties to keep the Greens out in 2008 and 2011, I didn\u2019t think the situation could get worse \u2014 until it did.<\/p>\n
In 2015, it was obvious that the Green Party had met any condition or criterion ever raised as part of the \u201crules\u201d for participation in the major national televised leaders\u2019 debates. We had an elected MP in the House. We ran in every part of Canada \u2014 and the Bloc Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois never did. We were playing a consistent role in the political life of Canadians. And indeed, the national consortium of broadcasters that runs the debates did indeed invite the Green Party to the two planned national debates.<\/p>\n
The debates really matter to a political party in Canada. National media coverage of the parties and their leaders is directly related to inclusion in the debates. And debates really matter to Canadian voters. Each is a mass national event, shared simultaneously. Historically, they have turned electoral fortunes. The emergence of small, corporate events available online in the 2015 election served as cover for the collusion that eliminated the major nationally broadcast English-language leaders\u2019 debate.<\/p>\n
In 2015, in order to keep the debates a Green-free zone, the Conservatives and the NDP tried a new gambit. If it sounds fanciful that the Conservative and NDP worked together to keep the Green Party out of the 2015 election debates, first recall that they did the same in 2008. Both the Conservatives and the NDP told the consortium privately that if the Green Party were included, their leaders would not take part. Only when the threats were exposed did public pressure lead the NDP and then the Conservatives to cave. In 2011, all the major parties met privately with the consortium in advance of the election, and they all, including the Bloc, pushed to keep Greens out.<\/p>\n
When the consortium invited the Green Party to the 2015 debates, neither the Conservatives nor the NDP were pleased. Green Party representatives in the room sensed this from the very earliest debate planning meeting, as the Conservative and NDP representatives sat together, kept close-mouthed and even displayed the same body language. First the Conservatives and then the NDP pulled out of the major English-language leaders\u2019 debate, normally broadcast by CBC, CTV and Global. Instead they accepted invitations for newly organized debates, without any compulsion to observe the criteria of the previous 47 years. Of the five debates that took place, none were broadcast in English on television. And the Green Party was included in only two of the five.<\/p>\n
For the first time in decades, Canadian voters were deprived of the opportunity to watch the major national party leaders face off on live national English television. The boycott strategy worked to the extent that there was barely a mention in the mainstream media that the national debate would be cancelled if neither Tom Mulcair nor Stephen Harper showed up. Regardless of the impact on political parties, voters were deprived of what most considered an institution: a major nationally broadcast English-language debate. The levels of undecided voters remained the same right up to the advance polls. I suggest this was because they were waiting for something that never came: a debate among all the leaders. In the end, votes were swayed based on the Liberals\u2019 apparent momentum. Voters wanting to get rid of Stephen Harper voted strategically. Policy and issues inevitably suffered from the cancellation of the major debate.<\/p>\n
The inclusion in the letter of mandate to the Minister of Democratic Institutions of reform of leaders\u2019 debates was as surprising as it was welcome. Minister Maryam Monsef is specifically mandated to \u201cbring forward options to create an independent commissioner to organize political party leaders\u2019 debates\u2026to improve Canadians\u2019 knowledge of the parties, their leaders, and their policy positions.\u201d<\/p>\n
I propose the following as key features for fair and inclusive leaders\u2019 debates.<\/p>\n
Firstly, let\u2019s remember that in Westminster parliamentary democracies, we do not elect a prime minister. Let\u2019s follow the advice of the Queen\u2019s University Centre for the Study of Democracy, which published recommendations in September 2009 calling for more debates, but debates that featured more than party leaders. Let each party put forward its specialist or spokesperson in key areas of public policy to hold debates on social policy, environment, foreign policy and so on.<\/p>\n
Second, ensure that the main leaders\u2019 debates are run according to published, consistent and transparent criteria. Shut down the back door to big-party manipulation. In 2007, the Green Party suggested the following three criteria, with any two out of three ensuring inclusion of the party leader in national televised debates, in English and in French. To be included, a party must have an elected MP in the House, run in all or nearly all ridings in Canada and\/or have 4 percent of the vote in the previous election.<\/p>\n
These criteria meet the political reality of Canada. The Bloc would have been included \u2014 even though the party has never run a candidate outside Quebec. The Green Party would have been included in 2008 even without an elected MP, and in 2011 as well. Clear rules will reduce the monkey business that has gone on in recent years.<\/p>\n
Finally, enshrining leaders\u2019 debates in legislation would have the advantage of making participation compulsory. Let\u2019s ensure that future prime ministers do not have the option of saying, \u201cPlay my way or I\u2019ll take my bat and my ball and go home.\u201d The debates are not for the politicians. They are to serve the interests of the voters so they can cast an informed vote. Reform is long overdue.<\/p>\n