{"id":263652,"date":"2014-11-02T04:00:07","date_gmt":"2014-11-02T09:00:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/issues\/take-no-prisoners\/"},"modified":"2025-10-07T20:54:54","modified_gmt":"2025-10-08T00:54:54","slug":"take-no-prisoners","status":"publish","type":"issues","link":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2014\/11\/take-no-prisoners\/","title":{"rendered":"L’intransigeance"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chaque nouveau livre de Naomi Klein est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme\u00a0un \u00e9v\u00e9nement. Pour promouvoir This Changes Everything:\u00a0Capitalism vs. the Climate<\/em>, son \u00e9diteur Random House clame ainsi qu\u2019\u00ab une fois par d\u00e9cennie, Naomi Klein publie un ou-vrage qui red\u00e9finit son \u00e9poque \u00bb. Ici, Klein y va d\u2019une th\u00e8se grin\u00e7ante selon laquelle le capitalisme est incompatible avec une plan\u00e8te habitable. Les imp\u00e9ratifs du syst\u00e8me en mati\u00e8re d\u2019extraction auraient d\u00e9j\u00e0 men\u00e9 l\u2019humanit\u00e9 au bord du gouffre. Notre seul espoir : renoncer \u00e0 l\u2019obsession de croissance pour entrer collectivement en relation symbiotique avec la Terre.<\/p>\n

Ce livre ambitieux mais finalement dangereux s\u2019attaque \u00e0 tant d\u2019aspects du d\u00e9bat opposant capitalisme et climat que l\u2019analyse de ses pr\u00e9tentions et contradictions dans ce court espace serait quelque peu injuste (Mark
\nJaccard, militant \u00e9cologiste et professeur \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de la Colombie-Britannique, en propose un examen critique dans la Literary Review of Canada<\/em> de novembre, et le journaliste sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 en environnement Will Boisvert en fait une \u00e9va-luation pouss\u00e9e sur le site du Breakthrough Institute). Mais il s\u2019en d\u00e9gage essentiellement que les arguments techniques invoqu\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des politiques climatiques actuelles servent tous \u00e0 pr\u00e9coniser une r\u00e9volution des valeurs qui supprimerait nos habitudes extractives et consum\u00e9ristes.<\/p>\n

Voici la grande id\u00e9e de Klein : au lieu de viser l\u2019abaissement des temp\u00e9ratures et l\u2019am\u00e9lioration du capitalisme, la lutte contre les changements climatiques doit s\u2019envisager comme une guerre morale menant \u00e0 un changement du syst\u00e8me de valeurs des habitants de cette plan\u00e8te, tout en r\u00e9glant au passage une s\u00e9rie de probl\u00e8mes qui vont des s\u00e9-quelles du colonialisme aux exc\u00e8s du consum\u00e9risme.<\/p>\n

La liste est longue de ceux qui font obstacle \u00e0 cette r\u00e9-volution. Sans surprise, Klein s\u2019acharne contre les grandes soci\u00e9t\u00e9s p\u00e9troli\u00e8res et l\u2019industrie du charbon. Mais elle s\u2019at-taque aussi au lobby vert, ridiculisant les technologies de g\u00e9oing\u00e9nierie susceptibles de favoriser notre adaptation au r\u00e9chauffement plan\u00e9taire ou les solutions globales \u00e0 faible taux d\u2019\u00e9missions comme l\u2019hydro\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 et le nucl\u00e9aire. Bref, point de salut hors de sa bulle id\u00e9ologique. D\u2019ailleurs, seuls trouvent gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ses yeux les tenants d\u2019une action di-recte contre un syst\u00e8me meurtrier, adeptes d\u2019une \u00ab culture de blocage \u00bb regroupant les peuples autochtones, les militants \u00e9cologistes et autres d\u00e9fenseurs de causes locales et de justice sociale qui occupent les places publiques du monde entier.<\/p>\n

Persuad\u00e9e de sa droiture morale et d\u00e9termin\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019im-poser, Klein a \u00e9crit un livre qui se retrouvera bient\u00f4t sur les rayons des manifestes utopiques de l\u2019histoire des id\u00e9es. Et si elle glorifie l\u2019action locale, c\u2019est uniquement lorsque celle-ci \u00e9pouse ses th\u00e8ses. Les mouvements locaux contre les \u00e9o-liennes n\u2019ont-ils aucune importance \u00e0 ses yeux ? Et ceux qui approuvent la fracturation hydraulique chez eux parce qu\u2019ils la jugent moralement pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable \u00e0 l\u2019exploitation du charbon dans la cour du voisin ? Et que dire des peuples autochtones de l\u2019h\u00e9misph\u00e8re sud, pour qui l\u2019extraction d\u2019\u00e9nergie est un compromis acceptable lorsqu\u2019elle permet de r\u00e9duire la ma-ladie et la pauvret\u00e9 ? Les choix \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques soul\u00e8vent mille questions morales qu\u2019une vision univoque et coercitive est impuissante \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre.<\/p>\n

Klein s\u2019alarme aussi de l\u2019irr\u00e9versibilit\u00e9 prochaine des chan-gements climatiques. Nous disposerions ainsi d\u2019un d\u00e9lai infime pour abattre et reconstruire tout notre syst\u00e8me \u00e9conomique. Et comme le capitalisme ne s\u2019\u00e9teindra pas de lui-m\u00eame, sa chute sera vraisemblablement caus\u00e9e par une implosion impr\u00e9vi-sible. Il pourrait s\u2019ensuivre un tel chaos qu\u2019on imagine mal d\u2019heureuses collectivit\u00e9s \u00e9riger \u00e9oliennes et panneaux solaires parmi les ruines : l\u2019instinct de survie ne se pr\u00eate gu\u00e8re aux images bucoliques. On songera plut\u00f4t aux for\u00eats d\u00e9pouill\u00e9es et \u00e0 la famine end\u00e9mique de la Cor\u00e9e du Nord.<\/p>\n

Pour autant, la pr\u00e9misse kleinienne d\u2019un renversement du capitalisme n\u2019est pas enti\u00e8rement fantaisiste. Aucun syst\u00e8me n\u2019est \u00e9ternel, et il arrive au capitalisme d\u2019\u00eatre lui-m\u00eame son pire ennemi. On a longtemps cru que rien ne pourra entamer le pouvoir de l\u2019\u00c9glise catholique, et l\u2019escla-vage semblait une institution in\u00e9branlable.<\/p>\n

Mais seules la persuasion et la collaboration permettront de concilier les imp\u00e9ratifs moraux et humains de l\u2019utilisation d\u2019\u00e9nergie. Hant\u00e9e par ses ennemis id\u00e9ologiques, Klein rejette l\u2019action de tous ceux qui recherchent de bonne foi des solutions r\u00e9alistes \u00e0 un ensemble de probl\u00e8mes communs. Au mieux, cet absolutisme m\u00e8ne \u00e0 la paralysie. Au pire, \u00e0 l\u2019autori-tarisme. Les provocateurs ont certes un r\u00f4le \u00e0 jouer face \u00e0 l\u2019en-jeu des changements climatiques. H\u00e9las pour eux, seules les solutions concr\u00e8tes feront progresser les choses.<\/p>\n

Photo: Shutterstock\u00a0<\/i>\/\u00a0PPstock<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Souhaitez-vous r\u00e9agir \u00e0 cet article ?\u00a0<\/em>Joignez-vous aux d\u00e9bats d\u2019<\/em>Options politiques\u00a0et soumettez-nous votre texte en suivant ces\u00a0<\/em>directives<\/em><\/a>.\u00a0<\/em>| Do you have something to say about the article you just read? Be part of the\u00a0<\/em>Policy Options\u00a0discussion, and send in your own submission.\u00a0Here is a\u00a0<\/em>link<\/em><\/a>\u00a0on how to do it.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Chaque nouveau livre de Naomi Klein est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme\u00a0un \u00e9v\u00e9nement. Pour promouvoir This Changes Everything:\u00a0Capitalism vs. the Climate, son \u00e9diteur Random House clame ainsi qu\u2019\u00ab une fois par d\u00e9cennie, Naomi Klein publie un ou-vrage qui red\u00e9finit son \u00e9poque \u00bb. Ici, Klein y va d\u2019une th\u00e8se grin\u00e7ante selon laquelle le capitalisme est incompatible avec une plan\u00e8te […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":250283,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","ep_exclude_from_search":false,"apple_news_api_created_at":"2025-08-30T04:47:46Z","apple_news_api_id":"4cbc7202-b101-40e3-981c-e47754465238","apple_news_api_modified_at":"2025-08-30T04:47:47Z","apple_news_api_revision":"AAAAAAAAAAD\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/w==","apple_news_api_share_url":"https:\/\/apple.news\/ATLxyArEBQOOYHOR3VEZSOA","apple_news_cover_media_provider":"image","apple_news_coverimage":0,"apple_news_coverimage_caption":"","apple_news_cover_video_id":0,"apple_news_cover_video_url":"","apple_news_cover_embedwebvideo_url":"","apple_news_is_hidden":"","apple_news_is_paid":"","apple_news_is_preview":"","apple_news_is_sponsored":"","apple_news_maturity_rating":"","apple_news_metadata":"\"\"","apple_news_pullquote":"","apple_news_pullquote_position":"","apple_news_slug":"","apple_news_sections":[],"apple_news_suppress_video_url":false,"apple_news_use_image_component":false},"categories":[9361],"tags":[],"article-status":[],"irpp-category":[4261],"section":[],"irpp-tag":[],"class_list":["post-263652","issues","type-issues","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environnement","irpp-category-environnement"],"acf":[],"apple_news_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\nL'intransigeance<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2014\/11\/take-no-prisoners\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L'intransigeance\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Chaque nouveau livre de Naomi Klein est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme\u00a0un \u00e9v\u00e9nement. 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