{"id":263303,"date":"2012-11-01T04:00:00","date_gmt":"2012-11-01T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/issues\/editor\/"},"modified":"2025-10-07T20:40:31","modified_gmt":"2025-10-08T00:40:31","slug":"editor-3","status":"publish","type":"issues","link":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2012\/11\/editor-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Clicktivisme"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"dropcap-big\">Le caract\u00e8re perturbateur des m\u00e9dias num\u00e9riques, dont la force transformatrice a fait des ravages dans le monde de la musique, de l\u2019\u00e9dition et des journaux, contient aussi la possibilit\u00e9 de remodeler la politique. Les r\u00e9seaux en ligne et les m\u00e9dias sociaux en ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 chang\u00e9 les modes d\u2019ex\u00e9cution \u2014 qu\u2019on pense aux collectes de fonds ou au microciblage des \u00e9lecteurs \u2014, mais peuvent-ils modifier la nature m\u00eame de l\u2019engagement politique ? Et ainsi renforcer la d\u00e9mocratie ?<\/p>\n<p>Il y a une douzaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es, le politologue de Harvard Robert Putnam d\u00e9plorait l\u2019effritement du ciment social qui rassemble les Am\u00e9ricains et forme la cl\u00e9 de vo\u00fbte de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile. Mais ce regret de voir s\u2019\u00e9roder le capital social qui alimente la d\u00e9mocratie, il l\u2019a exprim\u00e9 alors m\u00eame qu\u2019Internet s\u2019ouvrait aux m\u00e9dias sociaux. Aujourd\u2019hui, la question n\u2019est plus de savoir si nous jouons en solitaire, pour \u00e9voquer la m\u00e9taphore ludique de Putnam, mais bien de d\u00e9terminer si le fait de jouer virtuellement avec des centaines d\u2019 \u00ab amis \u00bb \u2014 par voie de textos, tweets et vid\u00e9os parodiques \u00e9chang\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019infini \u2014 cr\u00e9e des liens sociaux susceptibles de raviver nos d\u00e9mocraties \u00e9reint\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>Les donn\u00e9es empiriques sur l\u2019impact politique des m\u00e9dias sociaux, m\u00eame de plus en plus \u00e9toff\u00e9es, restent tr\u00e8s sommaires. Mais la question suscite de plus en plus de d\u00e9bats, comme en t\u00e9moignent les collaborateurs \u00e0 ce num\u00e9ro. Il y a les \u00ab optimistes \u00bb, pour qui les r\u00e9seaux en ligne renouvellent l\u2019espoir d\u2019une forte participation politique. \u00c0 leurs yeux, le mod\u00e8le des m\u00e9dias sociaux remplace les partis discr\u00e9dit\u00e9s et les institutions naufrag\u00e9es par une nouvelle forme de politique qui permet aux militants en ligne de promouvoir le changement en choisissant parmi un vaste \u00e9ventail de causes.<\/p>\n<p>Faux, r\u00e9torquent les \u00ab sceptiques \u00bb, l\u2019engagement en ligne, aussi r\u00e9pandu que superficiel, est d\u00e9nu\u00e9 de caract\u00e9ristiques comme la proximit\u00e9 et la t\u00e9nacit\u00e9 qui, historiquement, ont produit de v\u00e9ritables changements. Certains mettent aussi en garde contre le c\u00f4t\u00e9 sombre d\u2019un militantisme soumis \u00e0 une culture algorythmique qui renforce nos pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s et rend encore plus difficile l\u2019art politique de la conciliation des opinions divergentes.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9ternellement insatisfaits et m\u00e9contents des d\u00e9faillances que nous pr\u00eatons \u00e0 nos syst\u00e8mes politiques, nous sommes toujours en qu\u00eate de rem\u00e8des d\u00e9finitifs. Or la technologie ne doit en rien pr\u00e9d\u00e9terminer notre destin politique. En soi, le militantisme en ligne n\u2019est ni bon ni mauvais. Il ne pr\u00e9sage pas un nouveau d\u00e9part, pas plus qu\u2019il n\u2019offre de faux espoirs. C\u2019est d\u2019abord un outil, un levier qui peut aider \u00e0 combler l\u2019\u00e9cart entre la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 que nous d\u00e9sirons et celle o\u00f9 nous vivons aujourd\u2019hui.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"image-caption\">Photo: Shutterstock\u00a0 \/Tashatuvango<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le caract\u00e8re perturbateur des m\u00e9dias num\u00e9riques, dont la force transformatrice a fait des ravages dans le monde de la musique, de l\u2019\u00e9dition et des journaux, contient aussi la possibilit\u00e9 de remodeler la politique. Les r\u00e9seaux en ligne et les m\u00e9dias sociaux en ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 chang\u00e9 les modes d\u2019ex\u00e9cution \u2014 qu\u2019on pense aux collectes de fonds [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":272733,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","ep_exclude_from_search":false,"apple_news_api_created_at":"2025-08-30T04:13:26Z","apple_news_api_id":"9a98a3e0-ed9e-43ad-8907-151d97581740","apple_news_api_modified_at":"2025-08-30T04:13:26Z","apple_news_api_revision":"AAAAAAAAAAD\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/w==","apple_news_api_share_url":"https:\/\/apple.news\/Ampij4O2eQ62JBxUdl1gXQA","apple_news_cover_media_provider":"image","apple_news_coverimage":0,"apple_news_coverimage_caption":"","apple_news_cover_video_id":0,"apple_news_cover_video_url":"","apple_news_cover_embedwebvideo_url":"","apple_news_is_hidden":"","apple_news_is_paid":"","apple_news_is_preview":"","apple_news_is_sponsored":"","apple_news_maturity_rating":"","apple_news_metadata":"\"\"","apple_news_pullquote":"","apple_news_pullquote_position":"","apple_news_slug":"","apple_news_sections":[],"apple_news_suppress_video_url":false,"apple_news_use_image_component":false},"categories":[9385,9358],"tags":[],"article-status":[],"irpp-category":[4295],"section":[],"irpp-tag":[7136],"class_list":["post-263303","issues","type-issues","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medias-et-culture","category-politique","irpp-category-politique","irpp-tag-medias-et-culture"],"acf":[],"apple_news_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Clicktivisme<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2012\/11\/editor-3\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Clicktivisme\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le caract\u00e8re perturbateur des m\u00e9dias num\u00e9riques, dont la force transformatrice a fait des ravages dans le monde de la musique, de l\u2019\u00e9dition et des journaux, contient aussi la possibilit\u00e9 de remodeler la politique. 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