![\"\"](\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/NDP-leader-Jack-Layton-in-his-Parliament-Hill-office.png\")
<\/a><\/p>\nJACK LAYTON:<\/em><\/strong> It\u2019s on the government Web site. The credit card protection: again, a multi-part motion echoing what\u2019s being done in the United States. We\u2019ll present legislation. One of the bills is already ready and may even have been debated before this interview is published. And then there\u2019s our climate change bill, which embraces within it the framework for the transformation of our economy to a green economic recovery and an energy-efficient and energy-sustainable future. One that is very different from the one Mr. Harper is pursuing. And I don\u2019t expect him to agree with that one, but I think there is a chance that it could pass, because it\u2019s at the standing committee in the middle of hearings. It could pass the House of Commons before Copenhagen. And we\u2019d be able to go to Copenhagen and say, no matter what Stephen Harper says, here\u2019s the opinion of the majority of the elected representatives. And by the way, that bill\u2019s already passed the House and would\u2019ve been law, except that Harper called an election before the Senate had processed it. Where it would\u2019ve passed, because it was Liberal-dominated; the Liberals supported it. Mr. Ignatieff\u2019s been a little more reluctant on climate change, a little more gungho about the tar sands, but I\u2019m hopeful that he will decide to help us get this bill through in the next two months. That\u2019s not one where I think we\u2019re likely to find agreement with the Conservatives, I must say.<\/p>\nPO: <\/em><\/strong>You said that the difference between propping up the government and standing up for the interests of Canadians\u2026I wonder \u2014 it\u2019s kind of a follow-up on the previous point \u2014 where you draw the line.<\/p>\nJACK LAYTON:<\/em><\/strong> I may have put it different ways in different interviews, but the essence of it is: there\u2019s a difference between propping up a party in power versus making Parliament work and getting some results. I think that\u2019s the way I put it. And we believe in the latter. And that\u2019s what we\u2019re going to try to do. What we tried to do last December was\u00a0to try and actually make the Parliament that had been elected work for people. Stephen Harper clearly was not intent on that. He was hoping he could exploit post-election fatigue and what he perceived to be vulnerabilities to poke everybody in the eye and behave as though he had a majority. I think that economic statement is the kind of thing Stephen Harper would make if he had a majority. That\u2019s what he\u2019ll do. Because that\u2019s what he really believes.<\/p>\nYou face the prospect \u2014 he came within a prorogue of losing his job, and the Governor General bailed him out. And I think the academy will determine that responsible government was set back 170 years by that decision. But that\u2019s for a longer academic piece that I\u2019ll write a few decades from now when I go back to being a professor, which I\u2019m not allowed to be anymore.<\/p>\n
PO: <\/em><\/strong>In our poll, two-thirds of Canadians say they prefer majority government, but more than half expect more minorities. So to the question of this theme of this issue of the magazine: Is minority government the new normal? Do you regard it as a normal outcome of a competitive four-party House? And should we get used to it?<\/p>\nJACK LAYTON:<\/em><\/strong> If we had a proper proportional representation system, if every vote counted equally, it would\u2019ve become the norm a long time ago, like it is in Europe, where, by the way, you\u2019ll find the highest standards of living, the least inequality, the best health outcomes, the most productivity in the economy and all kinds of other good measures of what it takes to have a society that\u2019s working well. And they find \u2014 fortunately, for them, and unfortunately for us, they decided to make sure that their electoral system was relatively modern. We\u2019ve decided to keep a system that was invented before the telephone. You know, things have come a long way since then. I guess ultimately we somehow decided to become satisfied even with majority governments where a majority of people voted against the government that gets the majority. Now if you made that proposition to Canadians and said, \u201cDo you think it would be right, if we had an electoral system where a government could have a majority of seats, even though a majority of people had voted against them?\u201d I\u2019d like Nanos to do a poll on that. I\u2019ll bet 90 percent would say, \u201cWell no, that would be wrong.\u201d<\/p>\nAnd then you should ask them, \u201cDo you think that\u2019s ever happened in Canada?\u201d And they\u2019d scratch their heads and the \u201cdon\u2019t know\u201d figure would be about 90 percent. Actually, it\u2019s happened 90 percent of the time.<\/p>\n
PO: <\/em><\/strong>Well, if you want to pay for the question\u2026<\/p>\nJACK LAYTON:<\/em><\/strong> I\u2019ll apply to the SSHRC sometime in my dotage, but for a graduate student grant for some students to do it. But I know what the answers would be.<\/p>\nPO: <\/em><\/strong>We know from history that minority government can be extraordinarily productive. There\u2019s the remarkable example of the Pearson-Douglas years, if I can call them that, 1963 to 1968, which produced the Canadian flag and the Canada and Quebec Pension Plans and medicare and so forth.<\/p>\nJACK LAYTON:<\/em><\/strong> I\u2019ve mentioned those in my question in the House, as you may have noticed. Feel free to quote it. Because I said minority Parliaments can be made to work. That one worked particularly well because there were some particularly good relationships that had developed and it was also situated in a certain time frame where there were impulses at work.<\/p>\nPO: <\/em><\/strong>It\u2019s also fair to say that Mr. Pearson and Mr. Douglas were gentlemen.<\/p>\nJACK LAYTON:<\/em><\/strong> Yes, they were. And I think there was more to it than that. I think there has to be a context at work: you had postwar growth and you had Roosevelt\u2019s New Deal; there was a lot that was going on in the broad sweep of that generation. A bit of a transition moment was beginning in the \u201872 to \u201874 Parliament. And it wasn\u2019t that David Lewis had such a great personal relationship with Trudeau. But Stanley Knowles and Trudeau\u2019s designated hitter, who was Allan MacEachen, if I\u2019m not mistaken, met every week. And every week at caucus there was a discussion about this bill or that bill and this amendment and could we accept this and it was back and forth; it was nonstop; it was brinkmanship the whole way. But it also produced very powerful public policy initiatives \u2014 like foreign investment control, which a lot of people are wishing we had back, PetroCanada and the National Housing Program, which the United Nations, 18 years later said was the best in the world. The best in the world. It produced Habitat \u2014 a UN Habitat award went to Canada. Of course, that meant that the Liberal government of the day, having received the first prize, could begin to dismantle it, which it promptly did.<\/p>\nPO: <\/em><\/strong>I saw somewhere the other day that during the Pearson years 91 percent of his bills were adopted in a minority House, and that in Mr. Mulroney\u2019s majority House, his landslide House, he only had 78 percent. So that\u2019s a number that tells you something about the possibilities of minority governments, doesn\u2019t it?<\/p>\nJACK LAYTON:<\/em><\/strong> Yes, it does. And that\u2019s been my watchword all the way along\u2026 Let\u2019s try, no matter who\u2019s in, to see if we can\u2019t get something out of the Parliament.<\/p>\nPO: <\/em><\/strong>You come from a culture of municipal politics, City Hall, where deals are made all the time.<\/p>\nJACK LAYTON:<\/em><\/strong> Compromise. Working with others. The word \u201cdeal\u201d has this kind of smell to it, because it\u2019s as though it\u2019s somehow only in the partisan interest of the players. I prefer to look at those things that I did at City Hall as trying to find common ground. And if we are willing to understand the opinion and perspectives of others. It was Olivia who taught me how to do this \u2014 10,000 years of Chinese women\u2019s wisdom available to her \u2014 and she was unbelievably skilful at City Hall. We got a majority of a council that would never have bothered to give medical benefits to gay married couples. Because they were being denied. And there was no possibility of that happening. But she found certain members of the far side, as it were, of that chamber, who had come to know certain gay couples in their ridings, who began to understand the personal dimension of the issue, and she worked on that. And ultimately, we won that one by one vote. And it was miraculous. And one of the things my dad taught me was, \u201cDon\u2019t ever close the door to the possibility of conversation. Because you never know when that door being open could turn out to be very, very helpful to people.\u201d<\/p>\nPO: <\/em><\/strong>But the atmosphere of this House seems sometimes to be worse than dysfunctional; it seems sometimes to be toxic.<\/p>\nJACK LAYTON:<\/em><\/strong> Yes. I\u2019ve heard things said, and certainly the eruption of raw hormone-driven emotion is worrisome, and when I hear the teachers reaming their students out in the class saying, \u201cDon\u2019t you ever behave like that,\u201d I say to myself, we\u2019ve got to try and change these rules. And we set Dawn Black onto this project; she was also involved in a similar project in the early nineties, and we resurrected a report and tried to get something going. I\u2019ve said to my caucus, and it\u2019s tough for some of them sometime, I don\u2019t want us to be the hecklers and the shouters in the chamber.<\/p>\nPO: <\/em><\/strong>When my daughter was here with her high school senior class a few years ago, all the kids were appalled by what they saw.<\/p>\nJACK LAYTON:<\/em><\/strong> Rightly so. Question Period is completely dysfunctional. And it really ought to be completely reviewed. I watch the British question period, where there\u2019s the prime minister\u2019s day and you can watch for an hour, as a well-briefed prime minister responds to questions, including from his own side, on occasion.<\/p>\nPO: <\/em><\/strong>Of a much higher and erudite level than what we have here.<\/p>\nJACK LAYTON:<\/em><\/strong> Well, I think that there\u2019s a culture that is more respectful. I wish we had it here. Just yesterday it was the same thing. At first when I got here, I thought what you had to do was raise your voice to get above the din because of course, the public can\u2019t hear all that din because the microphones are fairly specific. So then you sound like you\u2019re yelling all the time. But what you\u2019re trying to do is actually make yourself heard over all these people who are just hooting and hollering when it\u2019s your turn to speak. Now that\u2019s crazy. That shouldn\u2019t be allowed. So I thought of a new tactic, which is to drop the voice. You might\u2019ve noticed it. The louder they get, the softer I\u2019m going to speak.<\/p>\nAnd the mikes picked it up just fine. I couldn\u2019t hear \u2014 I could barely hear myself speak.<\/p>\n
I think it\u2019s a very, very serious problem. And partisanship has reached a point \u2014 and you see it in the advertisements, I mean, between elections, advertisements calling people names. Just because you\u2019ve got a big fundraising machine. You gotta wonder, you know, is that what politics is coming to here?<\/p>\n
Maybe in Parliament we should start acting a little bit less like guys in a locker room. I\u2019ve seen way better behaviour in a locker room than I see sometimes in the House of Commons.<\/p>\n
PO: <\/em><\/strong>Let me ask you about Afghanistan. This mission has become increasingly difficult. There\u2019s the issue of the election in Afghanistan and the vote stealing. Two-thirds of the economy is the poppy trade. How do you see us moving out of our present level of engagement there in 2011? And do you see any role for us in the civil society mode afterwards? Or is it just a mission that has become so difficult that maybe we should just leave the neighbourhood?<\/p>\nJACK LAYTON:<\/em><\/strong> Well, I would invite people to have another look \u2014 and maybe we should post it on the Web site again \u2014 at the speech I gave to the University of Ottawa three years ago. Because I believed at that time, and I still believe, that Canada absolutely has a role to play, but that role can best be played by withdrawing from the searchand-destroy combat-oriented approach that has been taken by NATO and by our government, and instead focusing on and using our, I would say rapidly depleting, international credibility to do such things. But to use what\u2019s left of it to try to get the United Nations to use the full panoply of its organizational structures, which are there specifically to be able to address the complexities of conflict in complex situations. And to get back to that kind of role is a Pearsonian way of engaging the institution that was created to deal with such situations. Everybody says it\u2019s a UN-sanctioned mission. We all know what that really hides. It\u2019s not UN-directed; it\u2019s not using the full capacities of the global community. It should, and we could be playing a role in that shift, and we should be doing it at the United Nations and agreeing to sign onto an engagement through those various processes. But I still believe \u2014 I mean, the statistics you just cited to me, I would be very surprised if they were not within a couple of percent of the various statistics, both about democratic functioning of the state, because there had been an election at that time, but there were all kinds of problems. As well we had Mala Lajoya come and speak at our convention about what was really going on in that democracy. Which was pretty scary.<\/p>\nAnd the narco economy, the complexity of what everybody called the Taliban. I remember saying that the Taliban is a complex \u2014 it\u2019s one word designed to embrace a much more complex pluralism of communities that have been remote from one another \u2014 very fierce and very proud of who they are and of their different identities in Afghanistan. And the engagement of these communities is going to be complex and important and needs to be nuanced and sophisticated. And based on conversation. But of course, I was immediately labelled, including in the House of Commons, as Taliban Jack \u2014 unpatriotic, didn\u2019t support the troops. I mean, the name-calling went to a fever pitch. Go back to your knitting, Alexa McDonough was told by Peter MacKay. But these spokespeople for our party and for our movement, and I think for a lot of Canadians, Alexa and Dawn Black carried that argument forward, as did Michael Byers, with whom we stay in very close touch. Of course, he was our candidate last time around. He\u2019s had a lot of thoughtful things to say. And I read in Actualit\u00e9s; he now holds the same chair that Ignatieff used to hold at Harvard, but now he runs an NGO in Afghanistan. What he said was exactly what we\u2019ve been saying, but it had a lot more richness to it because he knows the communities. Should Obama be sending in tens of thousands of more troops? Absolutely not!<\/p>\n
And I remember people saying to me when Obama was elected, \u201cOh, you\u2019re gonna have a problem with Obama on Afghanistan.\u201d I said, \u201cNo, we\u2019re not, because he\u2019s going to come to the same conclusion that we have as time passes.\u201d And of course, that\u2019s exactly what we see happening. He\u2019s trying to get out of Iraq right now. He can\u2019t exactly say when they\u2019re going to be coming out of both Iraq and Afghanistan. He was making a strategic assessment at that time.<\/p>\n
PO: <\/em><\/strong>Thanks for this.<\/p>\nPhoto:\u00a0Policy Options<\/em> photo, Karl B\u00e9langer<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"POLICY OPTIONS: Mr. Layton, thanks for doing this. By the time this interview is published in early October, we\u2019re either going to be into an election or we\u2019re still going to be here. What\u2019s your sense of where we\u2019re going to be, on the road or in the House? JACK LAYTON: I don\u2019t think we […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":231594,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","ep_exclude_from_search":false,"apple_news_api_created_at":"2025-10-08T00:11:24Z","apple_news_api_id":"6ee618f5-322e-449b-8610-6d6a672b3022","apple_news_api_modified_at":"2025-10-08T00:11:24Z","apple_news_api_revision":"AAAAAAAAAAD\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/w==","apple_news_api_share_url":"https:\/\/apple.news\/AbuYY9TIuRJuGEG1qZyswIg","apple_news_cover_media_provider":"image","apple_news_coverimage":0,"apple_news_coverimage_caption":"","apple_news_cover_video_id":0,"apple_news_cover_video_url":"","apple_news_cover_embedwebvideo_url":"","apple_news_is_hidden":"","apple_news_is_paid":"","apple_news_is_preview":"","apple_news_is_sponsored":"","apple_news_maturity_rating":"","apple_news_metadata":"\"\"","apple_news_pullquote":"","apple_news_pullquote_position":"","apple_news_slug":"","apple_news_sections":[],"apple_news_suppress_video_url":false,"apple_news_use_image_component":false},"categories":[9358],"tags":[],"article-status":[],"irpp-category":[4295],"section":[],"irpp-tag":[],"class_list":["post-262665","issues","type-issues","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politique","irpp-category-politique"],"acf":[],"apple_news_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\n
A conversation with Jack Layton<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2009\/10\/a-conversation-with-jack-layton\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A conversation with Jack Layton\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"POLICY OPTIONS: Mr. Layton, thanks for doing this. By the time this interview is published in early October, we\u2019re either going to be into an election or we\u2019re still going to be here. What\u2019s your sense of where we\u2019re going to be, on the road or in the House? JACK LAYTON: I don\u2019t think we […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2009\/10\/a-conversation-with-jack-layton\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Policy Options\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/IRPP.org\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-10-08T00:11:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/NDP-leader-Jack-Layton-in-his-Parliament-Hill-office.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"873\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"573\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@irpp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"26 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2009\/10\/a-conversation-with-jack-layton\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2009\/10\/a-conversation-with-jack-layton\/\",\"name\":\"A conversation with Jack Layton\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2009\/10\/a-conversation-with-jack-layton\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2009\/10\/a-conversation-with-jack-layton\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/NDP-leader-Jack-Layton-in-his-Parliament-Hill-office.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2009-10-01T08:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-10-08T00:11:21+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2009\/10\/a-conversation-with-jack-layton\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2009\/10\/a-conversation-with-jack-layton\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2009\/10\/a-conversation-with-jack-layton\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/NDP-leader-Jack-Layton-in-his-Parliament-Hill-office.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/NDP-leader-Jack-Layton-in-his-Parliament-Hill-office.png\",\"width\":873,\"height\":573},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2009\/10\/a-conversation-with-jack-layton\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Minority government\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/2009\/10\/minority-government\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"A conversation with Jack Layton\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/\",\"name\":\"Policy Options\",\"description\":\"Institute for Research on Public Policy\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"A conversation with Jack Layton","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2009\/10\/a-conversation-with-jack-layton\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"A conversation with Jack Layton","og_description":"POLICY OPTIONS: Mr. Layton, thanks for doing this. By the time this interview is published in early October, we\u2019re either going to be into an election or we\u2019re still going to be here. What\u2019s your sense of where we\u2019re going to be, on the road or in the House? JACK LAYTON: I don\u2019t think we […]","og_url":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2009\/10\/a-conversation-with-jack-layton\/","og_site_name":"Policy Options","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/IRPP.org","article_modified_time":"2025-10-08T00:11:21+00:00","og_image":[{"width":873,"height":573,"url":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/NDP-leader-Jack-Layton-in-his-Parliament-Hill-office.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@irpp","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"26 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2009\/10\/a-conversation-with-jack-layton\/","url":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2009\/10\/a-conversation-with-jack-layton\/","name":"A conversation with Jack Layton","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2009\/10\/a-conversation-with-jack-layton\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2009\/10\/a-conversation-with-jack-layton\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/NDP-leader-Jack-Layton-in-his-Parliament-Hill-office.png","datePublished":"2009-10-01T08:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2025-10-08T00:11:21+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2009\/10\/a-conversation-with-jack-layton\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2009\/10\/a-conversation-with-jack-layton\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2009\/10\/a-conversation-with-jack-layton\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/NDP-leader-Jack-Layton-in-his-Parliament-Hill-office.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/NDP-leader-Jack-Layton-in-his-Parliament-Hill-office.png","width":873,"height":573},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/2009\/10\/a-conversation-with-jack-layton\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Minority government","item":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/2009\/10\/minority-government\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"A conversation with Jack Layton"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/","name":"Policy Options","description":"Institute for Research on Public Policy","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/issues\/262665","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/issues"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/issues"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/231594"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=262665"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=262665"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=262665"},{"taxonomy":"article-status","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article-status?post=262665"},{"taxonomy":"irpp-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/irpp-category?post=262665"},{"taxonomy":"section","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/section?post=262665"},{"taxonomy":"irpp-tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/irpp-tag?post=262665"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}