1.0Policy Optionshttps://policyoptions.irpp.org/fr/The planning conundrumrich600338<blockquote class="wp-embedded-content" data-secret="t92Vdmrih0"><a href="https://policyoptions.irpp.org/fr/2016/01/theplanningconundrum/">The planning conundrum</a></blockquote><iframe sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" src="https://policyoptions.irpp.org/fr/2016/01/theplanningconundrum/embed/#?secret=t92Vdmrih0" width="600" height="338" title="“The planning conundrum” — Policy Options" data-secret="t92Vdmrih0" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" class="wp-embedded-content"></iframe><script>
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https://policyoptions.irpp.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/businessman-looking-through-a-telescope_153352397-scaled.jpg25601605The conundrum of the planner and the policy-maker is how to make plans and policies that are robust enough to stay valid over the long term, even as assumptions, conditions and technologies change. This challenge is made worse by black swans and other strategic surprises, game changers that are low-probability but high-impact events. Such disruptive […]